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@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the expression of wild type p53 induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells and the serum of SCLC patient and its relationship with clinical prognosis. Methods: Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of Wip1 in SCLC cells and serum samples. Results: The expression of Wip1 in drug-resistant SCLC cells was significantly higher than that in sensitive cell lines (P<0.01). The expression of Wip1 in serum of SCLC group was significantly higher than that of normal control group (P<0.05); the expression of Wip1 in serum of patients with chemotherapy resistance was significantly higher than that in patients with chemotherapy sensitivity (all P<0.05); the serum Wip1 level was correlated with disease stage, chemotherapy sensitivity and survival status of SCLC patients (all P<0.05). The area under ROC curve of Wip1 predicting the prognosis of SCLC was 0.836 (95%CI:0.8230-0.9600, P<0.01); the expression lever of Wip1 was significantly correlated with progression free survival and overall survival time of SCLC patients (all P<0.05). Disease stage, chemosensitivity and Wip1 expression were independent prognostic factors for SCLC patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression of Wip1 in serum of SCLC patients may be related to chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis. Wip1 may be a potential biomarker for therapeutic efficacy and prognosis evaluation of SCLC patients.
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@#[Abstract] Objective：To explore the regulatory effect of miR-9 on biological behaviors of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells by targeting zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2), and to analyze the role of miR-9 in SCLC and its possible mechanism. Methods: qPCR, WB and immunohistochemistry methods were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of ZEB2 in cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues of 67 SCLC patients who received surgical treatment at the Department of Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from February 2018 to November 2019. TargetScan was used to predict the potential target gene of miR-9, which was later verified by Dual luciferase reporter gene assay, qPCR and WB methods. CCK-8 method, Flow cytometry and Transwell experiment were used to detect the effect of miR-9 and ZEB2 over-expression on the biological behaviors of NCI-H446 cells, and WB was used to detect the protein expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin in cells. NCI-H446 cells overexpressing miR-9 were used to construct SCLC nude mouse xenograft model, and the effect of miR-9 on the growth of xenografts was observed. Results: The mRNA and protein expression levels of ZEB2 in SCLC tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.01). There is a potential binding site on the 3' UTR of ZEB2 to bind with miR-9. Compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of ZEB2 in NCI-H446 cells of the miR-9 over-expression group were significantly reduced (P<0.01); the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of NCI-H446 cells were significantly suppressed (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the expression of EMT protein was reduced; However, simultaneous over-expression of ZEB2 could reverse above effects. In in vivo experiments, the size and weight of transplanted tumors in the miR-9 over-expression group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of ZEB2 protein in the tumor tissues of nude mice in the miR-9 overexpression group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: miR-9 can inhibit the biological behaviors of SCLC cells and the growth of NCI-H446 transplanted tumors in nude mice by targeting and regulating ZEB2.
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Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) accounts for approximately two-thirds of all SCLCs. Chemotherapy is still the main treatment, supplemented with radiotherapy and other comprehensive treatments. Although sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, almost all ES-SCLCs are vulnerable to treatment resistance and have high recurrence rates. Therefore, novel therapies are needed to improve treatment efficacy. The recent advances in radiotherapy for ES-SCLC include prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT). Moreover, immunotherapy has shown good antitumor activity, and immune-checkpoint inhibi-tors may become an important breakthrough in SCLC treatment. This article briefly reviewed the clinical research on radiotherapy and immunotherapy for advanced-stage SCLC.
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Objective: In tumor microenvironment, immune-related mechanisms up-regulate the expression of programmed death li-gand 1 (PD-L1), which abnormally activates PD-L1 signaling pathway and mediates tumor immune escape. Soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) is a form of PD-L1. It has been confirmed that the expression of sPD-L1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adeno-carcinoma is related to disease progression, while small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a high degree of malignancy, strong invasiveness and few related studies. The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in expression of sPD-L1 in the plasma of SCLC patients and their clinical significance. Methods: A total of 94 patients with SCLC diagnosed by pathological examination in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from March 2018 to November 2018 were selected as test group, and 17 healthy persons in the same period were se-lected as control group. The dynamic changes of plasma sPD-L1 were compared between the two groups, and the correlations among the expression of sPD-L1 and TNM stage, distant metastasis, and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) was analyzed. Results: The lev-el of sPD-L1 in the test group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). In patients with SCLC in the remission stage, the serum sPD-L1 level after chemotherapy was significantly lower than that before chemotherapy (P<0.01); in pa-tients with advanced stage, the serum sPD-L1 level after chemotherapy was significantly higher than that before chemotherapy (P<0.01). The abnormal high expression of sPD-L1 in SCLC patients was significantly correlated with the progression of the disease (P<0.05). The expression of sPD-L1 in serum was positively correlated with the tumor marker ProGRP. Conclusions: The expression of sPD-L1 in peripheral plasma of patients with SCLC is higher than that in healthy individuals and is closely related to the clinical effect.
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Objective: To investigate whether combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, and irinotecan was better than topotecan alone as second-line chemotherapy in patients with sensitive relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Method: Between September, 2014 and September, 2017, the patients'data were collected in Jilin Province Cancer Hospital. All patients were diagnosed with sensitive relapsed SCLC. Thirty-six patients received combination chemotherapy containing cisplatin plus etoposide plus irinotecan, and 42 patients received topotecan alone. Combination chemotherapy consisted of five 2-week courses of intravenous cisplatin 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, intravenous etoposide 60 mg/m2 on days 1-3, and intravenous irinotecan 90 mg/m2 on day 8. Topotecan therapy consisted of at least one course of intravenous topotecan 1.5 mg/m2 on days 1-5, every 3 weeks. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of drugs. Results: PFS was significantly longer in the combination chemotherapy group [median 5.3 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.3-5.8] than in the topotecan group (3.2 months, 95% CI: 2.7-4.0;P=0.0030); OS was also significantly increased in the combination chemotherapy group (median 16.3 months, 95% CI: 13.8-19.1) than in the topotecan group (13.1 months, 95% CI: 10.2-15.4; P=0.0097). The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia [31 (86.1%) patients in the combination chemotherapy group vs. 28 (66.7%) patients in the topotecan group], anemia [26 (72.2%) vs. 10 (23.8%)], leucopenia [29 (80.6%) vs . 21 (50.0%)], and thrombocytopenia [13 (36.1%) vs . 11 (26.2%)]. One treatment-related death (febrile neutropenia with pulmonary infection) occurred in the combination chemotherapy group, and none occurred in the topotecan group. Conclusions:Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin plus etoposide plus irinotecan could be considered a treatment option in second-line che-motherapy for selected patients with sensitive relapsed SCLC. However, the combination chemotherapy group had a higher incidence of adverse events than the topotecan group, and appropriate drug dosages should be explored.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the clinical diagnosis and efficacy monitoring of serum gastrin-releasing peptide precursor (ProGRP) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients.Methods A total of 4032 patients were admitted to a hospital from March 2015 to August 2017, determining serum ProGRP concentrations of 144 patients with small cell lung cancer, 1618 patients with the non-small cell lung tumor group, 42 patients with benign lung tumors, 231 with extrapulmonary malignant tumors, 275 with extrapulmonary benign disease, 1, 402 with benign lung disease, and 320 healthy patients.Analysis and evaluation of ProGRP values before and after treatment in patients with SCLC changes and the correlation of tumor size.Results Serum ProGRP levels in small cell lung cancer group were higher than those in each group.U test shows P＜0.05 in each group.U test shows P＜0.05 in patients with renal failure and healthy controls;prolonged ProGRP values in patients with small cell lung cancer were higher than the limited period.U test shows P＜0.05.Serum ProGRP U-test shows P＜0.05 between before and after treatment in small cell lung cancer progression and remission groups.Serum ProGRP U-test shows P＞0.05 between before and after treatment in small cell lung cancer stable group.Serum ProGRP concentration and tumor mass in small cell lung cancer The size is consistent.Compared with healthy control group, the lung non-small cell tumor group, lung benign tumor group, extrapulmonary malignant tumor group, intrapulmonary benign disease group conduct U test, showing P＞0.05.Conclusion Serum ProGRP is a specific tumor marker of SCLC without the interference of renal failure.It can be used as an auxiliary basis for SCLC staging, monitoring prognosis, and evaluating clinical efficacy of important indicators.
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Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related mortality accounting for 1.61million new cases per year with 1.38 million deaths annually worldwide. In NSCLC, concurrent Chemoradiotherapy is usually employed in stage IIIA and IIIB when performance status of the patients is reasonable and chemotherapy alone in stage IV, if the performance status of the patients is adequate. In SCLC, combination chemotherapy is given in limited stage disease as well as in extensive stage if the performance status of the patients is adequate. The objective is to study the chemotherapeutic treatment modalities in the treatment of lung carcinoma.Methods: The present cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with the Department of Oncology, Government Medical College, Jammu for a period of one year from November 2012 to October 2013. A total of 80 patients having histopathological documentation of lung cancer, registered under regional cancer centre (RCC) and referred from various departments of the institute and from other hospitals of the region were included in the study. The treatment for each patient was then decided on the basis of performance status, stage and clinical condition. The treatment modalities used were in the form of radiation therapy, surgery and chemotherapy. In the chemotherapy, the details regarding the type of chemotherapeutic regimen employed in particular type of lung cancer variant, their doses, number of cycles given and the duration for which these chemotherapeutic drugs were administered was noted down.Results: Out of 80 patients in the present study, 68 (85%) were males and 12 (15%) were females. Majority of the patients fall in the age group of 46 to 75 years (81.25%). Staging of the patients with non-small cell lung cancer showed that majority of the patients were in stage IV (31; 45.59%) of the disease. Eighteen (26.46%) patients were in stage III and 10 (14.71%) in stage II and 9 (13.24%) patients in stage I. In patients with small cell lung cancer, 4 (33.33%) patients were in limited stage and 8 (66.67%) patients. Various treatment modalities were employed with maximum number of patients receiving combined treatment (48.75%), followed by chemotherapy alone (22.25%) and radiotherapy alone (11.25%). Among patients who received combination therapy, various combinations of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were used but maximum number of patients i.e. 37 out of 39 (94.87%) used combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Conclusions: Most of the patients presented in an advanced stage III and IV (75.9%) and the main treatment modality used in this study was combination therapy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in (48.75%) followed by chemotherapy alone (22.25%). In the chemotherapy, cisplatin-based combination regimens were most commonly used regimens. Thus, more of such studies need to be done so as to make patients as well as the health professionals more aware of the risk factors and the effective treatment modalities associated with the disease.
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@#Objective: To explore the expression of long non-coding RNA RP11-259P1.1 (lncRNA RP11-259P1.1) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tissues and to analyze the relationship between lncRNARP11-259P1.1 expression and SCLC clinicopathological characteristics, as well as to investigate its effect in chemoresistance. Methods: Tissue samples, including 158 cases of tumor tissues from SCLC patients, who underwent bronchoscopic biopsy, puncture biopsy and surgical resection, 48 cases of para-cancerous tissues and 40 cases of normal lung tissues, collected from January 2012 to December 2016 in the Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu and General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region，were used in this study. The expression of lncRNARP11-259P1.1 was detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). χ2 test was used to analyze the relationship between the expression of lncRNA RP11-259P1.1 and the clinicopathological characteristics as well as chemotherapeutic resistance in SCLC patients. Relationship between lncRNA RP11259P1.1 expression and prognosis of SCLC patients was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: The expression of lncRNA RP11-259P1.1 in SCLC tissues was significantly higher than that in para-cancerous tissues and normal lung tissues (all P < 0.01). The expression of lncRNA RP11-259P1.1 in cancer tissues of chemosensitive group was significantly lower than that of chemoresistant group (P<0.05). The expression of lncRNA RP11-259P 1.1 was not correlated with gender and age, but significantly correlated with tumor stage, metastasis and chemosensitivity (all P<0.05). PFS and OS in patients with high lncRNA RP11-259P 1.1 expression were significantly shorter than those in patients with low expression ([12.25±1.83] vs [22.29±1.58] months, [23.55±1.35] vs [31.75±2.43] months, all P<0.01). The expression of lncRNA RP11-259P 1.1, tumor stage and distant metastasis were the independent prognostic factors in SCLC patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The high expression of lncRNA RP11-259P1.1 in SCLC tissues is associated with chemosensitivity and prognosis of SCLC patients, and may be a potential biomarker for prognosis evaluation in SCLC patients.
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@# Objective: The present study was aimed to explore the role and distinctive mechanism of SPIDR, the key regulatory protein of homologous recombination pathway, in progression of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: 60 SCLC specimens and 44 normal lung tissues were collected from the patients undergoing tumor resection and bronchoscopic puncture in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from January 2013 to January 2015. The expression of SPIDR in clinical samples and NCIH446 (SCLC cell line) and MRC-5 (normal cell line) were assayed by Real-time PCR. The role of SPIDR in SCLC was investigated in vivo and in vitro by the expression of SPIDR were artificially modified in NCI-H446. Results: Smoking was significantly associated with the occurrence of SCLC (P<0.01). The expression of SPIDR mRNAin SCLC tissues was lower than that of normal lung tissues (P <0.01), and the SPIDR transcriptional and translational levels of NCI-H446 cells were also lower than that of MRC-5.Although there is no significant changes of cell growth rate and susceptibility to cisplatin and etoposide in the NCI-H446 cells overexpressing SPIDR. However, the volume of xenograft tumors of overexpressed SPIDR group decreased by 58.99% (P<0.01) and 61.84% (P<0.01) than that of the original NCI-H446 cells and the NCI-H446 cells transfected with vector (pMSCV) and the average tumor mass decreased by 61.70% (P<0.01) and 70.25% (P<0.01) respectively. When the fetal bovine serum content in the medium was reduced to 3%, the growth rate of NCI-H446 cells overexpressing SPIDR was 22.33% (P<0.01) and 20.24% (P<0.05) lower than that of the original NCIH446 cells and control group, the similar results were obtained from the 1% serum concentration experiment as well. Conclusion: The expression of SPIDR, the key regulatory protein in the DNAdouble strand break homologous recombination repair pathway, was significantly suppressed in SCLC tissues, which markedly accelerated the growth of NCI-H446 cells in vivo and reduced the reliance of NCIH446 cells to the serum. The detailed mechanism is worthy of further investigation.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of limited-stage small cell lung cancer ( LS-SCLC) treated with 125 I radioactive seed implantation guided by CT combined with systemic chemotherapy. Methods A total of 128 limited-stage small cell lung cancer patients were treated with 125 I radioactive seed implantation combined with chemotherapy from Jun 2008 to Jun 2012 in Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital. Theχ2 test was used to analyze the influencing factors of short-term efficacy. Survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, single factor analysis was performed by Log-rank, and multivariate analysis was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. Results Totally 128 patients finished the treatment. The overall response rate was 86.7％ ( 111/128 ) after 6 months of treatment. The 1-, 2-and 3-year overall survival rate was 77.9％, 39.8％and 28.0％, respectively, and the median survival time was 21.0 months. The univariate analysis showed that the following factors were main prognostic factors:age, performance status ( PS) , hemoglobin≥120 g/L before treatment, smoking index, the maximum diameter of tumor, neuron-specific enolase before treatment, subscribe for prophylactic cranial irradiation ( PCI) , number of chemotherapy cycle, chemotherapy response, prescribed dose ( PD ) , postoperation dose covering 100％ volume ( D100 ) , remedial model. multivariate analysis revealed that age, PS, hemoglobin≥120 g/L before treatment and PD, the maximum diameter of tumor, number of chemotherapy cycle, chemotherapy response, and remedial model were the independent prognostic factors for survival. 29 patients of 128 suffered from aerothorax and the incidence rate of aerothorax was 27.7％. Totally 16 patients occurred hemoptysis and theincidence rate was 12.5％. Conclusions 125 I radioactive seed implantation therapy showed good effecacy in the treatment of LS-SCLC. Age, PS, hemoglobin≥120 g/L before treatment, the maximum diameter of tumor, number of chemotherapy cycle, chemotherapy response, and remedial model might be the main prognostic factors for LS-SCLC patients.
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Objective:To explore combined detection of mad2 with anti-nuclear mitotic spindle apparatus antibody(MSA)and anti-centromere antibody(ACA)and their clinical value for the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer(SCLC).Methods:One hundred and twen-ty SCLC patients,110 non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients,and 115 pulmonary nodule(PN)patients were enrolled in this study. The expression of mad2 was analyzed by qt-PCR.MSA and ACA were detected by indirect immunofluorescence(IIF)staining.Results:mad2 was overexpressed in SCLC and NSCLC samples(P<0.05).There were significant differences between the results obtained for SCLC and NSCLC samples by qt-PCR(P<0.05).AUC in ROC curve for mad2 expression was 0.799 with an intermediate diagnostic value. In the correlative analysis,the odds ratio of MSA and ACA was 6.94 and 5.60,respectively.In the correlation analysis,Kappa value of mad2 with MSA was 0.49,and Kappa value of mad2 with ACA was 0.42.In the parallel analysis,the sensitivity and specificity was 83.31% and 79.34%,respectively,while the Youden Index was 0.62.Moreover,in the serial analysis,the sensitivity and specificity was 65.32% and 93.35%,respectively,and the Youden Index was 0.59.Conclusions:In comparison with the NSCLC and PN samples,mad2 was overexpressed in SCLC samples.Therefore,mad2 ought to play a critical role in the pathology of SCLC.The combined expression of mad2 with MSA and ACA may contribute to enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of detection;this expression may allow early diag-nosis and clinical diagnosis of SLCC and may be a promising treatment for SCLC.
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BACKGROUND@#Currently, the prognosis of lobectomy and sub-lobectomy for the treatment of stage Ia small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is rarely reported. We retrospectively studied T1N0M0 (≤3 cm) SCLC patients aged ≥60 years, aiming to comparatively analyze the prognosis of lobectomy and sub-lobectomy in treating patients with Ia SCLC.@*METHODS@#Patients with stage Ia SCLC diagnosed by pathologic between 1992 and 2010 were selected from the "Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database"(SEER). Outcome data were compared using Kaplan-Meier (Log-rank test) and Cox model multivariate analysis.@*RESULTS@#We identified 515 patients. Median overall survival (OS) of the lobectomy (n=110), sublobar resection (n=57) and non-surgical (n=348) cohort were 45, 23 and 16 months, respectively. The corresponding 5-year OS of the three groups were 44%, 30%, and 14%, respectively. No significant difference in the prognosis of patients with or without lymph node examination/ dissection (P=0.107) and the 5-year OS of patients underwent lobectomy with chemoradiation was 50%. Cox multivariable analysis showed that operation treatment, including lobectomy and sublobectomy, was one of the independent factors associated with the prognosis of early SCLC patients, and patients undergo lobectomy shows a better OS compared with sublobar resection (Lob vs Sub, HR=0.645; 95%CI: 0.433-0.961, P=0.031).@*CONCLUSIONS@#For age ≥60 years T1N0M0 (≤3 cm) SCLC patients, we recommend anatomical lobectomy combined with adjuvant chemoradiation.
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Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Lung Neoplasms , Diagnosis , General Surgery , Pneumonectomy , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma , Diagnosis , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Many malignant tumors, most commonly small cell lung cancer, merge with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidi-uretic hormone (SIADH). SIADH is caused by the neuroendocrine function of tumor cells or is a side effect of chemotherapeutics. As a chemotherapeutic side effect, SIADH presents as hyponatremia. Therapy for SIADH includes both treatment for primary diseases and hyponatremia. Given that SIADH-induced hyponatremia aggravates the prognosis and shortens the survival time of patients with malig-nant tumors, SIADH is an independent risk factor for prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of SIADH will improve the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors.
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Objective ToinvestigatemechanismofWentilactoneA (WA)inhibitionofsmallcelllungcancer(SCLC)cell line NCI-H1688 migration .Methods The migration and proliferation were analyzed by wounding-healing assay and MTT assay [3-(4 ,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2 ,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ,MTT] .Immunofluorescence was used to confirm the ex-pression of ATF3 protein after WA treatment .Western blot was used to examine the expression of key proteins in ATF3/Nrf2/AKR1C1 signal pathway .Results WA inhibits the proliferation and migration of SCLC .MTT analysis showed WA in-hibits the proliferation of NCI-H1688 cell line in a time-dependent manner .The number of migrated cells in WA treatment group was (8 .73 ± 1 .06) mm ,which was lower than that of control group (15 .63 ± 3 .11) mm ,The number of migrated cells in AKR1C1 expression group was (24 .37 ± 0 .90) mm ,the number of migrated cells in AKR1C1 expression and WA treatment group was (14 .17 ± 1 .31) mm ,with significant difference (P<0 .05) .WA enhances the nuclear expression of ATF3 ,and then reduces the expression of p-Nrf2 and AKR1C1 .Conclusion WA inhibits the proliferation and migration of SCLC through ATF3/Nrf2/AKR1C1 signal pathway .
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Objective:To investigate the different expression of NK cells between patients with advanced small cell lung cancer and with non-small cell lung cancer , as well as providing available reference for clinical treatment.Methods: Peripheral blood was taken from 65 patients with advanced lung cancer which was included 14 cases of small cell lung cancer and 51 cases of non-small cell lung cancer,20 cases normal controls.The expression of NK cells was analyzed with flow cytometry.Results: We found that the percentage of NK cells in advanced small cell lung cancer patients was much more than that of normal controls .There was no significant variation in the percentage of NK cells between advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients and normal controls.The percentage of NK cells was negatively correlated with the percentage of CD 4+T cells in patients with advanced lung cancer .Conclusion:The percentage of NK cells in advanced small cell lung cancer patients was higher than normal controls ,the innate immunity could become a powerful supplement to the cellular immunity which was severely damaged .But the hypothesis needs to be further research.
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Objective:To investigate the difference of CD3+CD4+and CD3+CD8+T cells between patients with advanced small cell lung cancer and with non-small cell lung cancer, and provide available reference for treatment.Methods: Peripheral blood was taken from 65 patients with advanced lung cancer which was included 14 cases of small cell lung cancer and 51 cases of non-small cell lung cancer, 20 cases normal controls.The expression of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ on lymphocytes was analyzed with flow cytometry.Results:We found that the percentage of CD3+CD4+T cells in small cell and non-small cell lung cancer patients were both much less than that of normal controls.There was no significant variation in the percentage of CD3+CD8+T cells between advanced lung cancer patients and normal controls.CD4+/CD8+in patients with advanced small cell lung cancer were a lot less than those in normal controls.Conclusion:Both of the percentage of CD3+CD4+T cells in small cell and non-small cell advanced lung cancer patients were significantly decreased than that in normal controls.Patients who attacked with advanced lung cancer were severely injured in cellular immunity.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for differentia-tion of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at 3.0 T MRI. This study also aims to optimize b values. Methods Thirty-six patients with lung cancer proved by pathology were examined by T2WI and DWI (b = 400, 600 and 800 s/mm2) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of each lesion were calculated among different b values. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to calcu-late the difference between the ADC of SCLC and NSCLC and to evaluate the diagnostic capability. Analysis of variance was used to determine difference in ADC of NSCLC histological types at the optimal b values. Results The ADC values of SCLC and NSCLC decreased with increasing b values , and the differences were statistically significant (P = 0.002, P < 0.001). ROC analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) values were 0.775、0.892、0.804 (b = 400, 600, 800 s/mm2, respectively). The AUC with a b value of 600 s/mm2 was the largest. When an ADC of 1.296 × 10-3 mm2/s was considered as a threshold, the sensitivity, and specificity were 76.9%, and 90.0%, respectively. Conclusion DWI reflects the diffusion motion of water protons in lung carcinoma and it has moderate diagnosis potency in differentiating SCLC and NSCLC. The optimal b value is 600 s/mm 2.
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Objective To explore the effect of temozolomide on apoptosis and molecular mechanism in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell H446. Methods The effect of temozolomide on the viability of H446 cell was measured by MTT assay.The effect of temozolomide on cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry.The activation of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway and expression level of downstream target genes (Cyclin B1), cell division cycle 2 (Cdc2), Bax, Bcl-2 and Survivin were detected by western blot.Results Temozolomide (50, 100, 200 μmol/L) could inhibit H446 cell viability, and the inhibitory rate was highest at 48 h.Moreover, temozolomide made H446 cell cycle arrested in G2 phase.Western blott showed the expression of PI3K, Cyclin B1, Cdc2, Bcl-2, Survivin and the phosphorylation of AKT were reduced, but the expression of Bax were increased by temozolomide.Conclusion Temozolomide could induce SCLC cell H446 apoptosis via blocking PI3K/AKT signal pathway.
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Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are divided into limited and extensive stage diseases. Limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC) is conifned to the ipsilateral hemithorax and within a single radiotherapy region, 30%-40%of patients with SCLC are limited stage. The median ranges of survival for patients with LS-SCLC is from 15 to 20 months. Approximately 20%-40%of patients with LS-SCLC can survive for two years. According to the guidelines, patients with LS-SCLC should be treated with combined concurrent chemoradiotherapy and patients with LS-SCLC achieving a complete remission or patient with stage I disease who have had resection should be offered prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). Whereas in SCLC, targeted therapies is still in the early stage and few clinical trial data is available to support its effect.
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Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) was a common complica-tion of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Recent studies have suggested that the origin of this disease is related to seceration of tumor cells and application of medecine. The inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion can lead to disturbance of metabolism of water and sodium, resulting in hyponatremia. Because the symp-toms are atypical, the diagnosis is difficult. Many cases are misdiagnosed or misseddiagnosed. The primary tumor must be treated and the restriction of water intake is the main and effective method to deal with SIADH. Prognosis of SCLC patients with SIADH is poor in most reports.